AuNP/TiO2 nanocomposite is promising for developing visible-light-induced plasmonic pHotocatalysis. The effective Hot electron generation and inhabitation of electron-hole recombination are the paradigms for the efficiency of plasmonic pHotocatalysis. The pHoton-energy alteration in AuNP/TiO2 depends upon the shape, size, TiO2 phase, and crystallinity, irradiation wavelength, etc. For its movement, there are different suggestions, such as electron-phonon interaction, direct electron transfer, PRET, PIRET, remote activity mechanism, charge transfer mechanism, plasmon heating, Forster resonance energy transfer, etc.  Here, such different parameters and various physical mechanisms for its generation and role in the plasmon-induced pHotocatalysis by AuNP/TiO2 are being reviewed.

Background: The present study has been an attempt to devise a new approach to cancer therapy so that the rate of success in treatment is increased to several thousands times more than that of the normal treatments.Materials & Methods: The present study utilized some tests through homo-energetic beam with the highest pHoto-electric absorption whose result was an increased output. In other words, the ratio of the tumor dose to that of sound tissue was over several thousand percents. Then a special device was designed and invented for this purpose, which is unique in the world. The device, along with its accessories, is well capable for pHoto-electron therapy with optimum efficiency. In this approach, without exposing the sound tissue to a fatal dose of the beam, the tumor absorbed dose is increased to hundreds of Grays, so that the malignant cells are damaged and the malignancy regression is reduced to a minimum. Moreover, the disadvantage of relatively sound tissue dose-and tumor dose-equality-damage, which occurs in conventional radio therapy, is reduced to a minimum and the tumor cells are fatally damaged.Findings: In designing and making this device along with relying on physical parameters in coordination with all points of pHoto-electron therapy performance, the other significant facilities are considered. All the technical points of remote controlling, simplicity and speed operation, ability of high maneuver, protection, patient apd technologist safety, low price, and ability to install in most cancer treatment centers are taken into account.Conclusion: It is expected that with this new device, some projects for modification and improvement of this system be pursued in future. All stages of national and international patent processes of this new system have already been completed successfully.

Background: Radiation therapy using electron beams is a promising method due to its physical dose distribution. Monte Carlo (MC) code is the best and most accurate technique for forespeaking the distribution of dose in radiation treatment of patients. Material and Methods: We report an MC simulation of a linac head and depth dose on central axis, along with profile calculations. The purpose of the present research is to carefully analyze the application of MC methods for the calculation of dosimetric parameters for electron beams with energies of 8– 14 MeV at a Siemens Primus linac. The principal components of the linac head were simulated using MCNPX code for different applicators. Results: The consequences of measurements and simulations revealed a good agreement. Gamma index values were below 1 for most points, for all energy values and all applicators in percent depth dose and dose profile computations. A number of states exhibited rather large gamma indices; these points were located at the tail of the percent depth dose graph; these points were less used in in radiotherapy. In the dose profile graph, gamma indices of most parts were below 1. The discrepancies between the simulation results and measurements in terms of Zmax, R90, R80 and R50 were insignificant. The results of Monte Carlo simulations showed a good agreement with the measurements. Conclusion: The software can be used for simulating electron modes of a Siemens Primus linac when direct experimental measurements are not feasible.